By Umar Nsubuga
Pomegranates are gaining popularity in Uganda for their health benefits, vibrant colour, and adaptability to the local climate.
However, cultivating this fruit requires careful planning, knowledge, and dedication.
James Senyange, a successful pomegranate farmer, and Henry Sekyewa, an experienced agronomist, share their expertise on what it takes to grow this versatile and profitable fruit.
Choosing the right variety
According to Henry Sekyewa, selecting a suitable pomegranate variety is crucial for a successful harvest.
“Not all varieties thrive in the same conditions,” he explains.
Some common varieties include Wonderful, which is favoured for its large fruit and sweet taste, and Dholka, known for its adaptability to different climates.
Farmers must consider factors like climate, soil type, and intended use of the fruit, whether for fresh consumption or juice production.
Sekyewa emphasises sourcing seeds or seedlings from reputable suppliers to ensure quality.
Preparing the soil
Pomegranates thrive in well-drained, loamy soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5.
Senyange shares his experience: “I had to test my soil to determine its suitability and added organic manure to improve fertility.”
Sekyewa adds that good drainage is critical because pomegranates cannot tolerate waterlogging.
“If the soil retains too much water, it can lead to root rot,” he warns.
Raised beds or sloping land can help improve drainage in areas prone to flooding.
Climate and planting conditions
Pomegranates grow best in warm, dry climates with plenty of sunshine.
Sekyewa advises that regions with temperatures between 25°C and 35°C are ideal.
“Excess humidity can lead to fungal diseases, so areas with moderate rainfall and long dry spells are preferable,” he says.
Planting should be done at the onset of the rainy season to allow the seedlings to establish roots.
Senyange suggests spacing plants about 4-5 metres apart to provide adequate room for growth and air circulation, which helps prevent diseases.
Watering and irrigation
While pomegranates are drought-tolerant, proper watering is essential during the first few years of growth. Senyange recommends using drip irrigation to conserve water and deliver it directly to the roots.
“Young plants need frequent watering, but mature trees should only be watered during flowering and fruiting stages,” he says.
Sekyewa cautions against overwatering, which can damage the roots and affect fruit quality.
“Stick to a consistent schedule and ensure the soil dries out slightly between watering sessions,” he advises.
Fertilisation and nutrient management
Pomegranates require balanced nutrition to produce healthy fruits. Senyange uses a mix of organic manure and commercial fertilisers rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
“Applying manure during planting and topdressing with fertilizers every few months has worked well for me,” he shares.
Sekyewa suggests testing the soil regularly to determine nutrient deficiencies.
“Micronutrients like zinc and iron are equally important for pomegranate growth,” he adds.
Pest and disease management
Pomegranate crops are susceptible to pests like aphids, fruit borers, and mealybugs, as well as diseases like leaf spot and fruit rot.
Senyange explains that he uses natural pest control methods, such as introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs and spraying neem oil.
Sekyewa advises farmers to monitor their crops closely and apply fungicides or insecticides when necessary.
“Integrated pest management is key to reducing chemical use and protecting the environment,” he notes.
Pruning and maintenance
Regular pruning is essential for maintaining healthy pomegranate trees. Senyange recommends removing dead or diseased branches and thinning out overcrowded areas to improve air circulation.
“Pruning not only prevents diseases but also promotes better fruit production,” he says.
Sekyewa advises farmers to train young trees into a multi-stemmed shape, which supports heavy fruit loads and minimises wind damage.
Harvesting and post-harvest handling
Pomegranates are ready for harvest when the fruit develops a deep, uniform color and produces a metallic sound when tapped.
James warns against picking fruits too early, as they will not ripen off the tree.
After harvesting, the fruits should be cleaned and stored in a cool, dry place.
“Proper storage can extend the shelf life of pomegranates, making them more marketable,” Sekyewa adds.
Marketing and profitability
With increasing demand for pomegranates locally and internationally, the crop presents a lucrative opportunity for farmers.
Senyange sells his produce to local markets, supermarkets, and juice processors.
“Building relationships with buyers and maintaining consistent quality has helped me secure good prices,” he says.
Sekyewa advises farmers to explore value addition, such as making pomegranate juice or dried seeds, to increase profitability.
Challenges and solutions
Growing pomegranates is not without challenges. Senyange highlights issues like unpredictable weather, pest infestations, and market fluctuations.
However, he emphasises the importance of staying informed and seeking advice from agricultural experts.
Sekyewa encourages farmers to join agricultural cooperatives or groups, which can provide access to training, resources, and better markets.
